乳腺癌的典型症状 (Typical Symptoms of Breast Cancer)‌：

乳腺肿块：80%的乳腺癌患者以乳腺肿块首诊，多为单发、质硬、边缘不规则、表面欠光滑，并且大多数乳腺癌为无痛性肿块，仅少数伴有不同程度的隐痛或刺痛。
Breast lumps: 80% of breast cancer patients are first diagnosed with breast lumps. These lumps are mostly single, hard, irregularly shaped, and have a rough surface. Most breast cancers present as painless lumps, with only a few accompanied by varying degrees of dull or stabbing pain.

乳头溢液：非妊娠期从乳头流出血液、浆液、乳汁、脓液，或停止哺乳半年以上仍有乳汁流出者，称为乳头溢液。引起乳头溢液的原因很多，常见的疾病有导管内乳头状瘤、乳腺增生、乳腺导管扩张症和乳腺癌。单侧单孔的血性溢液应进一步检查，若伴有乳腺肿块更应重视。
Nipple discharge: Discharge from the nipple, including blood, serum, milk, or pus, occurring outside of pregnancy or more than half a year after cessation of breastfeeding, is known as nipple discharge. There are many causes of nipple discharge, with common conditions including intraductal papilloma, breast hyperplasia, breast duct ectasia, and breast cancer. Further examination is warranted for unilateral, single-pore bloody discharge, especially if accompanied by breast lumps.

皮肤改变：乳腺癌引起皮肤改变可出现多种体征，最常见的是肿瘤侵犯连接乳腺皮肤和深层胸肌筋膜的Cooper韧带，使其缩短并失去弹性，牵拉相应部位的皮肤，出现一个像小酒窝一样的凹陷；若癌细胞阻塞了淋巴管，则会出现“橘皮样改变”，即乳腺皮肤出现许多像橘子皮一样的小点状凹陷；乳腺癌晚期，癌细胞沿淋巴管、腺管或纤维组织浸润到皮内并生长，在主癌灶周围的皮肤形成散在分布的质硬结节，即所谓“皮肤卫星结节”。
Skin changes: Breast cancer can cause various skin changes. The most common is when the tumor invades Cooper's ligaments, which connect the breast skin to the deep pectoral fascia, causing them to shorten and lose elasticity, pulling the skin into a dimple-like depression. If cancer cells obstruct the lymphatic vessels, "orange peel-like changes" will occur, where many small, dot-like depressions resembling orange peel appear on the breast skin. In advanced stages of breast cancer, cancer cells infiltrate into the skin along lymphatic vessels, glandular ducts, or fibrous tissue and grow, forming scattered, hard nodules around the primary tumor site, known as "satellite skin nodules."

乳头、乳晕异常：肿瘤位于或接近乳头深部，可引起乳头回缩；肿瘤距乳头较远，乳腺内的大导管受到侵犯而短缩时，也可引起乳头回缩或抬高；乳头湿疹样癌，表现为乳头皮肤瘙痒、糜烂、破溃、结痂、脱屑，伴灼痛，以致乳头回缩。
Abnormal nipples and areolas: Tumors located in or near the deep part of the nipple can cause nipple retraction. When the tumor is farther from the nipple but invades the large ducts within the breast, causing them to shorten, it can also lead to nipple retraction or elevation. Paget's disease of the nipple presents as itchy, eroded, ulcerated, crusted, and scaled nipples accompanied by burning pain, ultimately resulting in nipple retraction.

腋窝淋巴结肿：临床上乳腺癌患者1/3以上有腋窝淋巴结转移。初期可出现同侧腋窝淋巴结肿大，肿大的淋巴结质硬、散在、可推动；随着病情发展，淋巴结逐渐融合，并与皮肤和周围组织粘连、固定；晚期可在锁骨上和对侧腋窝摸到转移的淋巴结。
Axillary lymph node swelling: Clinically, more than one-third of breast cancer patients have axillary lymph node metastasis. In the early stages, enlarged lymph nodes may be palpable in the ipsilateral axilla, which are hard, scattered, and movable. As the disease progresses, the lymph nodes gradually fuse and adhere to the skin and surrounding tissues, becoming fixed. In advanced stages, metastatic lymph nodes can be palpable in the supraclavicular region and contralateral axilla.

病例解析 Case analysis

患者信息：62岁，女性
诊 断：乳腺癌术后，肺转移
治疗情况：此患者采取化疗结合NK细胞免疫治疗的方式，使得肺部癌巢不断缩小，状态也日渐改善。
Patient information: 62 years old, female
Diagnosis: Lung metastasis after breast cancer surgery
Treatment: The patient was treated with chemotherapy combined with NK cell immunotherapy, which caused the lung cancer nest to shrink and improve day by day.